Origin of the temperature stability of dielectric constant in CaCu3Ti4O12

The temperature and dc bias stability of the dielectric constant and loss tangent of CaCu₃Ti₄O₁₂ samples sintered under different oxygen atmospheres are discussed. The results suggest that the metal-oxygen vacancy related defects not only provide the charge carriers for the conduction (defect doping) but also contribute to the huge permittivity in the way of defect dipoles repositioning under charge carrier hopping. The charge localization in a specific copper-oxygen vacancy defect complex is the reason of the huge and stable permittivity and low dielectric loss in the middle temperature range, 90 K-200 K (20 Hz), while the implementation of the large barrier layer height needs a contribution by the titanium oxygen vacancy related trap charges in the grain boundaries, which also lead to a second permittivity stable range in a higher temperature range 200 K–300 K.     

Highly dispersed MnO nanoparticles supported on N-doped rGO as an efficient oxygen reduction electrocatalyst via high-temperature pyrolysis

Transition metal-based compounds, due to their excellent ORR catalytic performance under alkaline condition, have recently emerged as one of the most promising alternatives to noble metal-based ORR catalysts. It is worth noting that manganese oxide can take an unique advantage for decomposition of intermediate adsorption products H₂O₂ and can effectively reduce O₂ to OH⁻. However, most research has focused on MnO₂, while attention has rarely been paid to MnO catalysts. In addition, under high-temperature pyrolysis condition, MnO is the most stable manganese oxide but MnO nanoparticles easily agglomerate. Hence, it is very difficult to obtain well-dispersed and small-sized MnO nanoparticles. Herein, on the basis of pre-synthesizing uniformly distributed manganese complexes on the reduced graphene oxide (rGO), we innovatively prepare highly dispersed and small-sized MnO nanoparticles (~3.94 nm) via high-temperature pyrolysis, which are uniformly anchored on N-doped reduced graphene oxide (NrGO) as an efficient oxygen reduction electrocatalyst. The as-obtained MnO/NrGO (1050 °C) electrocatalyst achieves satisfactory onset potential (0.942 V) and half-wave potential (0.820 V) under alkaline condition. And the limiting current density is 4.17 mA cm⁻², which is very close to that of Pt/C (20 wt%, JM). Meanwhile, MnO/NrGO (1050 °C) catalyst presents superior longstanding durability and methanol resistance than Pt/C (JM). This work indicates that high-temperature pyrolysis can improve the purity of manganese oxide, simultaneously the defects of NrGO can reduce particle size of MnO nanoparticles, which are greatly beneficial to improve ORR performance. This work provides a new idea for research of MnO catalysts for ORR in the future.     

Controllable electrodeposition synthesis of Pd/TMxOy-rGO/CFP composite electrode for highly efficient methanol electro-oxidation

A novel and high-efficiency Pd/TM_xO_y-rGO/CFP (TM_xO_y = Co₃O₄, Mn₃O₄, Ni(OH)₂) electrocatalyst for directly integrated membrane electrode was synthesized by controllable cyclic voltammetry electrodeposition combined with hydrothermal process. The results showed excellent performance towards methanol oxidation reduction. The Pd/Co₃O₄-rGO/CFP as-prepared catalyst has the best electrocatalytic activity, and mass activity is 5181 mA·mg⁻¹_Pd, which is about 40 times and 4.3 times that of the commercial Pd/C and Pt/C catalyst (JM). It can be attributed that the small size of Pd nanoparticle, uniformity of distribution, and the synergistic interaction between transition metal oxide on the support surface and Pd nanoparticles. The prepared Pd/TM_xO_y-rGO/CFP composite electrode is a promising catalyst for integrated membrane electrode assembly of proton exchange membrane fuel cells in the future.     

银基电接触材料的最新研究进展和展望

贵金属基电接触材料广泛应用于电子、电工行业，而Ag基电接触材料的用途和用量最大。总结了主要银基电接触材料中传统的Ag/Ni、Ag/CdO、Ag/SnO2、Ag/ZnO、Ag/C、Ag/W、Ag/WC材料，以及新型的Ag/CNT、Ag/Graphene、Ag/MAX材料的制备方法、性能、用途和研究现况。综述了近年来在电接触材料的实时原位测试技术，并对熔桥、电弧等现象的观测结果和技术进展，以及模拟仿真技术在电接触材料研究中对熔桥、电弧等研究成果和技术进展。分析了银基电接触材料研究中存在的问题，并展望了发展趋势。     

铱磷光配合物Ir(dfppy)2(phbudio)的合成及表征

以氯桥二聚体[Ir(dfppy)2(μ-Cl2)]2、1-苯基-1,3-丁二酮为原料合成了一种铱磷光配合物Ir(dfppy)2(phbudio)，产率86.0%，并通过元素分析、核磁共振谱、质谱和红外光谱表征确认了目标产物的化学结构。通过紫外-可见吸收以及荧光光谱对其光物理性质进行测试，其常温最大发射位于522 nm处，显示发射强烈的绿光，初步推测该铱磷光配合物发射可能来自金属铱到环金属配体和辅助配体的电荷转移(MLCT)跃迁。     

添加钇对 Pt-5Cu 合金组织结构和性能的影响

采用真空电弧熔炼方法制备了Pt-5Cu、Pt-4.9Cu-0.10Y和Pt-0.48Cu-0.20Y合金。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、金相显微镜、显微硬度仪及分光光度计等研究了Pt-Cu及Pt-Cu-Y合金的物相组成、显微组织结构、力学性能及反射率。结果表明，钇对Pt-Cu合金的相结构无明显影响，当钇的添加量为0.20%时，Pt-Cu合金的晶粒尺寸显著细化，晶粒的平均尺寸由约150 μm降至约80 μm；细晶强化使Pt-Cu合金的维氏硬度显著增加到165；在可见光波段内，Pt-Cu及Pt-Cu-Y合金的反射率无明显差别。     

不同长度金属结合肽对大肠杆菌吸附钯性能的影响

利用微生物吸附法回收铂族金属(PGMs)有较大的应用前景，然而利用基因工程手段改造微生物胞外金属结合基团，进而提升微生物的吸附量与特异性仍是一项挑战。本研究利用微生物表面展示技术，在大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli，简写为E. coli)BL21菌株外膜上展示了不同长度的金属结合肽(EC10、EC20、EC30)，并解析了其对钯(Pd(II))的吸附行为。结果表明，在E.coli BL21表面展示不同长度金属结合肽均能增强其对Pd(II)的吸附量。其中，表面展示了EC20的菌株(简写为E. coli EC20)吸附量最高，为144.25 mg/g，是未进行表面展示菌株的1.14倍；E. coli BL21和E. coli EC20均能够从含多种金属离子的工业废水中选择性吸附Pd(II)和Pt(IV)，两株菌对Pd(II)吸附率分别为96.2%和99.0%。以上研究表明利用表面展示技术增加微生物外膜金属结合基团是一种有效提升微生物吸附能力的手段。     

微波消解-ICP-MS法测定舒尼铂原料药中银的残留量

采用微波消解法进行样品前处理，以电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定了舒尼铂原料药中的银残留量。结果表明，银质量浓度在0.1~150 μg/L的范围内，与银信号强度和内标铟信号强度的比值呈良好的线性关系，重复性试验的RSD为2.32%，加标回收率为95.89%~104.81%，检出限为0.0109 μg/g，定量限为0.0365 μg/g；3批样品测定结果分别为2.42、1.54和1.96 μg/g。方法可满足舒尼铂原料药中银残留量测定的要求。     

Designing independent water transport channels to improve water flooding in ultra-thin nanoporous film cathodes for PEMFCs

Utilization of 3D nanostructured Pt cathodes could obviously improve performances of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) owing to the reduced tortuosity and the bi-continuous nanoporous structure. However, these cathodes usually suffer from the flooding problem ascribed to the ionomer-free and nanoscale pores which are more susceptible to water condensation. In this paper, ultra-thin nanoporous metal films (100 nm) were utilized to construct PEMFC cathodes and independent transport channels were designed separately for water and gas aiming at the flooding problem. Nanoporous gold (NPG) film was used as the model support for loading Pt nanoparticles owing to its controllable and stable structure. After optimizing the polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) content and carbon loading in the gas diffusion layer (GDL), plasma treatment under O₂ atmosphere was used to pattern the GDL with independent water transport channels. The obtained liquid permeation coefficients and oxygen gains demonstrated the obviously improved water and O₂ transport. By using a home-made optimized GDL and a nanoporous film cathode with pore size ～60 nm, the flooding problem could be facilely solved. With a Pt loading of ～16 μg cm^?2, this 3D nanostructured cathode exhibits a PEMFC performance of ～957 mW cm^?2 at 80 °C. The Pt power efficiency is about 4 times higher than that of the commercial Pt/C cathode (50 μg cm^?2, 756 mW cm^?2). Obviously, this study provides a simple but effective methodology to solve the water flooding problem in the ultra-thin nanoporous film cathodes which is applicable for other types of 3D nanostructured PEMFC cathodes.